1766 1 H Hydrogen 1.00794(4) 1s1 2.2 37 120 1312 -73 14 20 0.0000899
1868 2 He Helium 4.002602(2) 1s2 32 140 2372 0 4 0
1817 3 Li Lithium 6.941(2) [He] 2s1 0.98 134 76 (+1) 182 520 -60 454 1615 0.54
1798 4 Be Beryllium 9.012182(3) [He] 2s2 1.57 90 45 (+2) 900 0 1560 2743 1.85
1807 5 B Boron 10.811(7) [He] 2s2 2p1 2.04 82 27 (+3) 801 -27 2348 4273 2.46
Ancient 6 C Carbon 12.0107(8) [He] 2s2 2p2 2.55 77 16 (+4) 170 1087 -154 3823 4300 2.26
1772 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067(2) [He] 2s2 2p3 3.04 75 146 (-3) 155 1402 -7 63 77 0
1774 8 O Oxygen 15.9994(3) [He] 2s2 2p4 3.44 73 140 (-2) 152 1314 -141 55 90 0
1670 9 F Fluorine 18.9984032(5) [He] 2s2 2p5 3.98 71 133 (-1) 147 1681 -328 54 85 0
1898 10 Ne Neon 20.1797(6) [He] 2s2 2p6 69 154 2081 0 25 27 0
1807 11 Na Sodium 22.98976928(2) [Ne] 3s1 0.93 154 102 (+1) 227 496 -53 371 1156 0.97
1808 12 Mg Magnesium 24.3050(6) [Ne] 3s2 1.31 130 72 (+2) 173 738 0 923 1363 1.74
Ancient 13 Al Aluminum 26.9815386(8) [Ne] 3s2 3p1 1.61 118 53.5 (+3) 578 -43 933 2792 2.7
1854 14 Si Silicon 28.0855(3) [Ne] 3s2 3p2 1.9 111 40 (+4) 210 787 -134 1687 3173 2.33
1669 15 P Phosphorus 30.973762(2) [Ne] 3s2 3p3 2.19 106 44 (+3) 180 1012 -72 317 554 1.82
Ancient 16 S Sulfur 32.065(5) [Ne] 3s2 3p4 2.58 102 184 (-2) 180 1000 -200 388 718 1.96
1774 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453(2) [Ne] 3s2 3p5 3.16 99 181 (-1) 175 1251 -349 172 239 0
1894 18 Ar Argon 39.948(1) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 97 188 1521 0 84 87 0
1807 19 K Potassium 39.0983(1) [Ar] 4s1 0.82 196 138 (+1) 275 419 -48 337 1032 0.86
Ancient 20 Ca Calcium 40.078(4) [Ar] 4s2 1 174 100 (+2) 590 -2 1115 1757 1.55
1876 21 Sc Scandium 44.955912(6) [Ar] 3d1 4s2 1.36 144 74.5 (+3) 633 -18 1814 3103 2.99
1791 22 Ti Titanium 47.867(1) [Ar] 3d2 4s2 1.54 136 86 (+2) 659 -8 1941 3560 4.51
1803 23 V Vanadium 50.9415(1) [Ar] 3d3 4s2 1.63 125 79 (+2) 651 -51 2183 3680 6.11
Ancient 24 Cr Chromium 51.9961(6) [Ar] 3d5 4s1 1.66 127 80 (+2*) 653 -64 2180 2944 7.14
1774 25 Mn Manganese 54.938045(5) [Ar] 3d5 4s2 1.55 139 67 (+2) 717 0 1519 2334 7.47
Ancient 26 Fe Iron 55.845(2) [Ar] 3d6 4s2 1.83 125 78 (+2*) 763 -16 1811 3134 7.87
Ancient 27 Co Cobalt 58.933195(5) [Ar] 3d7 4s2 1.88 126 74.5 (+2*) 760 -64 1768 3200 8.9
1751 28 Ni Nickel 58.6934(4) [Ar] 3d8 4s2 1.91 121 69 (+2) 163 737 -112 1728 3186 8.91
Ancient 29 Cu Copper 63.546(3) [Ar] 3d10 4s1 1.9 138 77 (+1) 140 746 -118 1358 3200 8.92
1746 30 Zn Zinc 65.38(2) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 1.65 131 74 (+2) 139 906 0 693 1180 7.14
1875 31 Ga Gallium 69.723(1) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 1.81 126 62 (+3) 187 579 -29 303 2477 5.9
1886 32 Ge Germanium 72.64(1) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 2.01 122 73 (+2) 762 -119 1211 3093 5.32
Ancient 33 As Arsenic 74.92160(2) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 2.18 119 58 (+3) 185 947 -78 1090 887 5.73
1817 34 Se Selenium 78.96(3) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 2.55 116 198 (-2) 190 941 -195 494 958 4.82
1826 35 Br Bromine 79.904(1) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 2.96 114 196 (-1) 185 1140 -325 266 332 3.12
1898 36 Kr Krypton 83.798(2) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 110 202 1351 0 116 120 0
1861 37 Rb Rubidium 85.4678(3) [Kr] 5s1 0.82 211 152 (+1) 403 -47 312 961 1.53
1790 38 Sr Strontium 87.62(1) [Kr] 5s2 0.95 192 118 (+2) 550 -5 1050 1655 2.63
1794 39 Y Yttrium 88.90585(2) [Kr] 4d1 5s2 1.22 162 90 (+3) 600 -30 1799 3618 4.47
1789 40 Zr Zirconium 91.224(2) [Kr] 4d2 5s2 1.33 148 72 (+4) 640 -41 2128 4682 6.51
1801 41 Nb Niobium 92.90638(2) [Kr] 4d4 5s1 1.6 137 72 (+3) 652 -86 2750 5017 8.57
1778 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.96(2) [Kr] 4d5 5s1 2.16 145 69 (+3) 684 -72 2896 4912 10.28
1937 43 Tc Technetium [98] [Kr] 4d5 5s2 1.9 156 64.5 (+4) 702 -53 2430 4538 11.5
1827 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07(2) [Kr] 4d7 5s1 2.2 126 68 (+3) 710 -101 2607 4423 12.37
1803 45 Rh Rhodium 102.90550(2) [Kr] 4d8 5s1 2.28 135 66.5 (+3) 720 -110 2237 3968 12.45
1803 46 Pd Palladium 106.42(1) [Kr] 4d10 2.2 131 59 (+1) 163 804 -54 1828 3236 12.02
Ancient 47 Ag Silver 107.8682(2) [Kr] 4d10 5s1 1.93 153 115 (+1) 172 731 -126 1235 2435 10.49
1817 48 Cd Cadmium 112.411(8) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 1.69 148 95 (+2) 158 868 0 594 1040 8.65
1863 49 In Indium 114.818(3) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 1.78 144 80 (+3) 193 558 -29 430 2345 7.31
Ancient 50 Sn Tin 118.710(7) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 1.96 141 112 (+2) 217 709 -107 505 2875 7.31
Ancient 51 Sb Antimony 121.760(1) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 2.05 138 76 (+3) 834 -103 904 1860 6.7
1782 52 Te Tellurium 127.60(3) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 2.1 135 221 (-2) 206 869 -190 723 1261 6.24
1811 53 I Iodine 126.90447(3) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 2.66 133 220 (-1) 198 1008 -295 387 457 4.94
1898 54 Xe Xenon 131.293(6) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 130 48 (+8) 216 1170 0 161 165 0.01
1860 55 Cs Cesium 132.9054519(2) [Xe] 6s1 0.79 225 167 (+1) 376 -46 302 944 1.88
1808 56 Ba Barium 137.327(7) [Xe] 6s2 0.89 198 135 (+2) 503 -14 1000 2143 3.51
57-71
                             
1923 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49(2) [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 1.3 150 71 (+4) 659 0 2506 4876 13.31
1802 73 Ta Tantalum 180.94788(2) [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 1.5 138 72 (+3) 761 -31 3290 5731 16.65
1783 74 W Tungsten 183.84(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 2.36 146 66 (+4) 770 -79 3695 5828 19.25
1925 75 Re Rhenium 186.207(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 1.9 159 63 (+4) 760 -15 3459 5869 21.02
1803 76 Os Osmium 190.23(3) [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 2.2 128 63 (+4) 840 -106 3306 5285 22.59
1803 77 Ir Iridium 192.217(3) [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 2.2 137 68 (+3) 880 -151 2739 4701 22.56
Ancient 78 Pt Platinum 195.084(9) [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 2.28 128 86 (+2) 175 870 -205 2041 4098 21.09
Ancient 79 Au Gold 196.966569(4) [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 2.54 144 137 (+1) 166 890 -223 1337 3129 19.3
Ancient 80 Hg Mercury 200.59(2) [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 2 149 119 (+1) 155 1007 0 234 630 13.53
1861 81 Tl Thallium 204.3833(2) [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 2.04 148 150 (+1) 196 589 -19 577 1746 11.85
Ancient 82 Pb Lead 207.2(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 2.33 147 119 (+2) 202 716 -35 601 2022 11.34
Ancient 83 Bi Bismuth 208.98040(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 2.02 146 103 (+3) 703 -91 544 1837 9.78
1898 84 Po Polonium [209] [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 2 94 (+4) 812 -183 527 1235 9.2
1940 85 At Astatine [210] [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 2.2 62 (+7) 920 -270 575
1900 86 Rn Radon [222] [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 145 1037 202 211 0.01
1939 87 Fr Francium [223] [Rn] 7s1 0.7 180 (+1) 380
1898 88 Ra Radium [226] [Rn] 7s2 0.9 148 (+2) 509 973 2010 5
89-103
                             
1969 104 Rf Rutherfordium [267] [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
1967 105 Db Dubnium [268] [Rn].5f14.6d3.7s2
1974 106 Sg Seaborgium [271] [Rn].5f14.6d4.7s2
1976 107 Bh Bohrium [272] [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2
1984 108 Hs Hassium [270] [Rn].5f14.6d6.7s2
1982 109 Mt Meitnerium [276] [Rn].5f14.6d7.7s2
1994 110 Ds Darmstadtium [281] f14.6d9.7s1
1994 111 Rg Roentgenium [280] f14.6d10.7s1
1996 112 Cn Copernicium [285] f14.6d10.7s2
2003 113 Nh Nihonium [284] f14.6d10.7s2.7p1
1998 114 Fl Flerovium [289] f14.6d10.7s2.7p2
2003 115 Mc Moscovium [288] f14.6d10.7s2.7p3
2000 116 Lv Livermorium [293] f14.6d10.7s2.7p4
2010 117 Ts Tennessine f14.6d10.7s2.7p5
2002 118 Og Oganesson [294] f14.6d10.7s2.7p6 N/A N/A N/A
1839 57 La Lanthanum 138.90547(7) [Xe] 5d1 6s2 1.1 169 103.2 (+3) 538 -48 1193 3737 6.15
1803 58 Ce Cerium 140.116(1) [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 1.12 102 (+3) 534 -50 1071 3633 6.69
1885 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.90765(2) [Xe] 4f3 6s2 1.13 99 (+3) 527 -50 1204 3563 6.64
1885 60 Nd Neodymium 144.242(3) [Xe] 4f4 6s2 1.14 129 (+2) 533 -50 1294 3373 7.01
1947 61 Pm Promethium [145] [Xe] 4f5 6s2 1.13 97 (+3) 540 -50 1373 3273 7.26
1853 62 Sm Samarium 150.36(2) [Xe] 4f6 6s2 1.17 122 (+2) 545 -50 1345 2076 7.35
1901 63 Eu Europium 151.964(1) [Xe] 4f7 6s2 1.2 117 (+2) 547 -50 1095 1800 5.24
1880 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25(3) [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 1.2 93.8 (+3) 593 -50 1586 3523 7.9
1843 65 Tb Terbium 158.92535(2) [Xe] 4f9 6s2 1.2 92.3 (+3) 566 -50 1629 3503 8.22
1886 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.500(1) [Xe] 4f10 6s2 1.22 107 (+2) 573 -50 1685 2840 8.55
1878 67 Ho Holmium 164.93032(2) [Xe] 4f11 6s2 1.23 90.1 (+3) 581 -50 1747 2973 8.8
1842 68 Er Erbium 167.259(3) 4f12 6s2 1.24 89 (+3) 589 -50 1770 3141 9.07
1879 69 Tm Thulium 168.93421(2) [Xe] 4f13 6s2 1.25 103 (+2) 597 -50 1818 2223 9.32
1878 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.054(5) [Xe] 4f14 6s2 1.1 102 (+2) 603 -50 1092 1469 6.57
1907 71 Lu Lutetium 174.9668(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 1.27 160 86.1 (+3) 524 -50 1936 3675 9.84
1899 89 Ac Actinium [227] [Rn] 6d1 7s2 1.1 112 (+3) 499 1323 3473 10.07
1828 90 Th Thorium 232.03806(2) [Rn] 6d2 7s2 1.3 94 (+4) 587 2023 5093 11.72
1913 91 Pa Protactinium 231.03588(2) [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 1.5 104 (+3) 568 1845 4273 15.37
1789 92 U Uranium 238.02891(3) [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 1.38 102.5 (+3) 186 598 1408 4200 19.05
1940 93 Np Neptunium [237] [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 1.36 110 (+2) 605 917 4273 20.45
1940 94 Pu Plutonium [244] [Rn] 5f6 7s2 1.28 100 (+3) 585 913 3503 19.82
1944 95 Am Americium [243] [Rn] 5f7 7s2 1.3 126 (+2) 578 1449 2284 13.67
1944 96 Cm Curium [247] [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 1.3 97 (+3) 581 1618 3383 13.51
1949 97 Bk Berkelium [247] [Rn] 5f9 7s2 1.3 96 (+3) 601 1323 14.78
1950 98 Cf Californium [251] [Rn] 5f10 7s2 1.3 95 (+3) 608 1173 15.1
1952 99 Es Einsteinium [252] [Rn] 5f11 7s2 1.3 619 1133
1952 100 Fm Fermium [257] [Rn] 5f12 7s2 1.3 627 1800
1955 101 Md Mendelevium [258] [Rn] 5f13 7s2 1.3 635 1100
1957 102 No Nobelium [259] [Rn] 5f14 7s2 1.3 642 1100
1961 103 Lr Lawrencium [262] [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 1.3 1900